Nepal's Interim PM Sushila Karki Has Six Months to Hold Fresh Elections; As Popular Uprisings Reshape South Asia’s Politics, India Needs to Watch Its Step

Govt confirms Modi’s Manipur visit after 864 days of strife, India’s housing boom leaves millions locked out, PM's internship scheme falling flat, how India's soft-porn streamers are coping with ban

A newsletter from The Wire | Founded by Tanweer Alam, Sidharth Bhatia, Pratik Kanjilal, Seema Chishti, Sushant Singh, MK Venu, and Siddharth Varadarajan | Contributing writer: Kalrav Joshi, with additional inputs by Anirudh SK

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Snapshot of the day

September 12, 2025

Siddharth Varadarajan

Sushila Karki, former chief justice of Nepal’s Supreme Court, was sworn in Friday night as interim prime minister, marking an orderly end to four days of protest, violence and uncertainty. The consensus choice among the Gen-Z protestors, Karki was appointed PM by President Ram Chandra Paudel under Article 61 (4) of the Constitution, reports Setopati – a route suggested to him by constitutional experts – which says that “the main duty of the president shall be to abide by and protect the Constitution.”

Soon after being sworn in, she recommended that parliament – which was elected in 2022 for a five year term – be dissolved. Acting on her advice, Paudel accordingly dissolved the house – a move that established political parties like the UML and Maoists have criticised.

Karki and her cabinet now have six months to organise fresh elections. She is the first woman prime minister of Nepal and only the fifth seventh woman in South Asia to head a government (after Sirimavo Bandaranayke, Indira Gandhi, Benazir Bhutto, Khaleda Zia, Chandrika Kumaratunga, Sheikh Hasina).

“We welcome the formation of a new Interim Government in Nepal, led by Right Honourable Mrs Sushila Karki,” India’s external affairs ministry said in a statement. “We are hopeful that this would help in fostering peace and stability.”

At his nomination hearing before the US Senate's foreign affairs committee, White House presidential personnel director and Trump's pick for ambassador to India Sergio Gor told lawmakers that getting New Delhi to quit buying Russian crude oil “is a top priority for this administration”. In this effort he sought Europe's support, saying that Washington's tariffs “work if our partners around the world are on the same page … If we’re unilaterally putting tariffs on someone but they’re able to buy the same oil and resell it through China, through India, through Brazil, that’s a problem, and we fully intend on fixing that.” He also said, days after Trump announced his administration would resume trade talks with India, that the two sides are “not that far apart right now on a deal”. And even as it has appeared increasingly unlikely that Trump will visit Delhi for this year's Quad summit, Gor said without providing a specific date that the president “is fully committed to continue to meet with the Quad and strengthen the Indians”.

Senators asked Gor a number of questions, including what Indian officials would make of the fact that the White House has imposed a steep tariff on India for its purchases of Russian oil but spared Beijing; his response was that the US ‘holds its friends to higher standards’ and that “we expect more from India than we do sometimes from other nations”. When one senator pointed to Prime Minister Narendra Modi's photo-ops with Chinese President Xi Jinping and Russian President Vladimir Putin at the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit in Tianjin, Gor argued that New Delhi “shares a lot more in common with us than they do with China”. Devirupa Mitra reports.

Even as it says it is keen to reach a trade deal with India, Washington has continued to argue for heightened tariffs against China and India in response to their purchases of Russian oil, arguing that this is fuelling Moscow's war against Ukraine. Following Trump's appeal to the EU to impose a 100% tariff on both countries, the US ahead of a G7 virtual meeting on Friday said in a position paper sent to other members that the Group “should immediately impose 50-100% secondary tariffs on China and India” in this regard, reports the Financial Times. Speaking to the pink paper, UK national security adviser Jonathan Powell said that Prime Minister Keir Starmer will try and convince Trump when they meet in London next month that targeted sanctions against Chinese and Indian companies aiding oil purchases is a better idea than blanket tariffs that could “start a trade war”.

In what is likely to be news to the Indian army, US senator Bill Hagerty has claimed “China used electromagnetic weapons to literally melt Indian soldiers," during their recent clashed on the border.

Billionaire Gautam Adani faces a setback in the alleged bribery and fraud charges in the United States as the resolution discussion between his representatives and US officials stalls, reports Bloomberg. The report stated that the Trump administration officials have conveyed to Adani’s lawyers that they will not go ahead with the deal to end the alleged bribery and fraud charges against India’s top businessmen due to the ongoing India-US trade impasse. As per the report, US Federal prosecutors may continue to go ahead with criminal charges in the $250 million bribery case against Adani with Modi’s favourite businessman becoming collateral damage in the geopolitical tension between the two countries.

The Supreme Court was due to hear Umar Khalid, Gulfisha Fatima, Sharjeel Imam and Meeran Haider's petitions challenging their prolonged denial of bail in the 2020 Delhi riots ‘larger conspiracy’ case but deferred the hearing to September 19, saying that it only received files from the supplementary list in the cases at 2:30 am today. The bench which will hear the matter comprises Justices Aravind Kumar and NV Anjaria, both of whom hail from the Gujarat high court. The last time Khalid’s bail matter was raised in the Supreme Court, it was assigned to a bench headed by Justice Bela Trivedi, also from Gujarat.

Tomorrow will mark exactly five years since Khalid was arrested. The trial in the case has yet to begin.

Kashmir’s chief cleric and Hurriyat Conference leader Mirwaiz Umar Farooq on Friday alleged that he was placed under house arrest and stopped from leading congregational prayers at Srinagar’s Jamia Masjid. This came a week after an inauguration plaque bearing the Ashoka emblem inside the Hazratbal shrine in Srinagar was damaged last week by protesters who claimed that it went against Islamic principles. A case was registered under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita and the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act after the protests, and at least 25 persons were detained for questioning. In a social media post on Friday, Farooq accused the Jammu and Kashmir administration of “relentless interference in religious matters” by “locking us up to silencing our voice on issues ranging from the Ashoka plaque at Hazratbal to meddling with Muslim calendar holidays, to disallowing religious functions at masjids”.

It goes without saying that when police are in uniform “they are required to shed their personal predilections and biases, be they religious, racial, casteist or otherwise”, but officers in Maharashtra's Akola did not do this when a murder allegedly occurred during a 2023 communal riot there and they did not lodge an FIR, the Supreme Court said yesterday. It directed the formation of a special investigation team to file an FIR and probe the murder, while also ordering that “measures … be initiated to instruct and sensitise the rank and file in the police department as to what law requires of them in the discharge of their duties”, reports PTI.

The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) is considering raising Border Wing Home Guards (BWHG) units along the India–China border, similar to their deployment along the India–Pakistan frontier, officials told The Hindu. At present, seven states – Meghalaya, Tripura, Assam, West Bengal, Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat – are authorised to maintain BWHGs, though the force is operational only in Rajasthan. Their role came into focus during the recent Operation Sindoor. In a recent meeting, the MHA reviewed the possibility of expanding BWHGs for closer coordination with border guarding forces, including the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), which is responsible for the 3,488 km-long boundary with China.

A viral thread by a now deleted X account alleged that the PDF metadata used by the Leader of Opposition Rahul Gandhi to support claims of ‘vote theft’ shows a ‘Create Date’ with a +6:30 time offset, matching Myanmar's time zone, rather than India's +5:30. However, this discrepancy indicates that the claim of a Myanmar connection in Gandhi's file is misleading due to an error in Adobe Illustrator. Alt News’ Abhishek Say screen recorded the entire process, demonstrating the use of the offline metadata viewer tool exiftool and metadata2go. Here is the detailed fact-checked report.

Na Khaoonga Na Khaane Doonga, 2025 edition. Balkrishna, the co-founder and managing director of Patanjali Ayurved and self pro-claimed Yoga Guru Ramdev’s aid gets 142 acres for a tourism project in BJP-ruled Uttarakhand, by outbidding three companies all owned by him, reports The Indian Express. Amit Lohani, the deputy director of the department's adventure tourism wing, told the newspaper that the board had estimated that the annual rent was Rs 1 crore. This was in response to a query on whether price discovery could be fair if all three firms had a common shareholder.

Minutes after the Delhi High Court, the Bombay High Court too received a bomb threat email on Friday, with the Bombay Bar Association requesting all the members and staff to vacate the court premises. According to Mumbai Police sources, bomb detection squads are conducting searches inside the court. However, preliminary reports suggest it is a hoax threat. Earlier in the day, the Delhi High Court received a bomb threat via email, forcing all benches to stop the hearings and evacuate the court premises. A bomb detection and disposal team was deployed immediately, and the area was cordoned off. After multiple searches, officials did not find anything suspicious, officials said.

Bangladesh has increased its power imports from India as Dhaka scrambled to meet rising electricity demand as it grapples with gas supply constraints and coal plant maintenance-related issues. A Reuters report said that power imports rose 70% in the seven months through July and helped satisfy most of the rising demand, citing Bangladesh government data. “It’s about cost effectiveness, and gas is required for the fertilizer industry, whereas cheap electricity can be received from other sources, including fuel oil. There is a shortage of gas for electricity generation and evacuation problems,” Adeeba Aziz Khan, director of Bangladesh’s Summit Power, was quoted as saying by the news agency.

India is set to gain a stake in the Chagos archipelago that Britain handed over to Mauritius – minus the Diego Garcia island on which it operates a military base with the US – with New Delhi having agreed yesterday to support the maritime nation's surveillance of the islands. The agreement was struck yesterday during a bilateral meeting in Varanasi between Prime Minister Modi and his opposite number Navin Ramgoolam, who is on an eight-day state visit to India.

A court in Delhi has rejected a petition seeking criminal action against Congress leader and MP Sonia Gandhi for allegedly getting her name entered into the electoral rolls of 1980, three years prior to becoming an Indian citizen. Additional chief judicial magistrate Vaibhav Chaurasiya of Rouse Avenue court dismissed ‘in limine’ (meaning, at the outset) the complaint filed by one Vikas Tripathi, who had demanded an FIR against Gandhi for alleged ‘forgery and cheating.’ Tripathi claimed that Gandhi had secured her name in the New Delhi constituency electoral rolls in 1980 by allegedly using forged documents, even though her Indian citizenship came through only in 1983. The court said the complaint was legally untenable. “…it becomes manifest that the present complaint has been fashioned with the object of clothing this court with jurisdiction through allegations which are legally untenable, deficient in substance, and beyond the scope of this forum’s authority. Such a stratagem constitutes nothing but an abuse of the process of law, which this court cannot countenance. Complaint stands dismissed in limine,” the order read.

“On the last day of the hearing of the Presidential Reference on the issues related to grant of assent to Bills, the Solicitor General of India, for the Union, requested the Supreme Court to declare that the two-judge bench Tamil Nadu judgment does not lay down the correct law,” reports LiveLaw.

Jagdeep S Chhokar, 81, a staunch champion of electoral and political reforms, passed away in Delhi on Friday after suffering a heart attack. A founding member of the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR), Jagdeep was a strong advocate of transparency in Indian politics, especially through his campaigns for free and fair elections. It was a legal battle spearheaded by ADR, with him as one of the lead petitioners, that resulted in the Supreme Court declaring electoral bonds unconstitutional. Chhokar began his career as a mechanical engineer with the Indian Railways. He later became a professor, Dean, and Director In-Charge at the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. After retirement, he devoted himself fully to activism for democracy, a commitment he upheld for 25 years until his last breath.

In the historic region of Magadha, near Bihar’s capital Patna, stand decades-old mosques that tell a story of resilience and shared heritage. In many of these places, there is no Muslim population, yet the call to prayer still rises daily, preserved not by wealthy patrons or institutions, but by ordinary locals. Daily wage earners, struggling with their own hardships, have taken it upon themselves to maintain these places of worship. Remarkably, some of the caretakers are Hindus, quietly safeguarding the legacy of coexistence and proving that in a divided age, heritage can still bind communities together, says the BBC.

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Govt confirms Modi’s Manipur visit after 864 days of ethnic strife

The Press Information Bureau has released the Prime Minister's schedule between Saturday and Monday, officially confirming that he will indeed visit strife-torn Manipur tomorrow, a full 864 days after the ethnic conflict erupted there. He will first go to the predominantly Kuki Churachandpur and then to the predominantly Meitei Imphal, and is to lay the foundation stone for or inaugurate a number of development schemes in both places, whose people continue to be separated from each other by buffer zones patrolled by security forces. Ahead of his visit, a number of youngsters in Churachandpur pulled down decorative structures meant to welcome him to the town, while in the state's Naga-majority Ukhrul district at least 43 BJP members quit the party citing its alleged “lack of consultation, inclusiveness, and respect for grassroots leadership”.

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Denmark clears export of key part for Tejas fighter, easing delays

The Danish government’s decision to remove an engine amplifier from its list of dual-use items restricted for export to India will come as a relief for the defence establishment's Tejas Light Combat Aircraft Mk-1 programme that had been delayed by the pause in export of the mandatory component, reports Snehesh Alex Philip. Denmark's move comes after New Delhi raised the matter diplomatically but it has simultaneously worked to manufacture amplifiers indigenously in order to reduce reliance on imports, he writes.

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India’s housing boom leaves millions locked out

Median estimates from a Reuters survey conducted over the last month indicate that property analysts believe average home prices will rise at a faster-than-expected 6.3% this year and 7% next year. Rahul Trivedi explains that the rise in prices is “fuelled by demand from wealthy buyers”, while a dwindling availability of affordable housing alongside stagnating wages “has pushed home ownership out of reach for millions moving to urban areas for work, forcing most would-be buyers to rent” at higher and higher prices. One analyst told Trivedi: “Crony capitalism starts with land ownership. So how can cities, where the rich control the land, create affordable housing? That's why housing doesn't give you choices – it gives you frustrated options.”

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The Long Cable

As Popular Uprisings Reshape South Asia’s Politics, India Needs to Watch Its Step

Ashutosh Bhardwaj

The last twelve months have seen uprisings in two South Asian countries. Bangladesh and Nepal have vastly different politics, histories and societies, yet both were undone by weak democracies hollowed out by corruption and hubris. Their elected leaders could neither govern credibly nor contain popular rage that led to the uprising and the overthrow of governments.

On the surface, the parallels are striking. But beneath them lie sharp differences that may decide the future of these countries, and their relation with India.

In Bangladesh, popular anger was aimed squarely at the Awami League government. Its leaders fled as protests intensified and Sheikh Hasina, the unshakable matriarch of Bangladeshi politics, was eventually cornered. In Nepal, the fury was more diffuse: not one party but a significant section of the ruling class was forced to run for cover as mobs stormed streets and parliament.

Bangladesh’s protest dragged on for weeks. The government tried hard to suppress it until it finally spilled onto Dhaka’s streets. Nepal’s flames burned quicker, barely a few days, but were volcanic enough to overthrow the government.

But before proceeding further, one must bust the myth of a monolithic, idealistic youth bloc named Gen Z. At this stage, it seems that the Nepali youth who began their protest by demanding transparency were not the mobs that went on to torch buildings and looted shops. The protests were joined by a wider underclass but the presence of fringe Maoists, monarchists and Hindutva elements has also been noted.

In Bangladesh, Islamist groupings moved swiftly to seize space created by the uprising. The fact that Hasina’s regime was widely perceived as being backstopped by India gave these groups an additional advantage. The prevailing uncertainty since then has led to the resurgence of the Jamaat-e-Islami, with its student wing recently sweeping the Dhaka University elections for the first time in the history of Bangladesh. When elections are held – and these are likely in February 2026 – the Jamaat is expected to emerge as the second strongest party, after the BNP of Khaleda Zia.

In Nepal, on the other hand, there is no extremist party strong enough to make major gains. And despite the unpleasant memories of the informal blockade enforced by the Narendra Modi government in 2015, there is no strong ‘anti-India’ sentiment that anyone can latch on to.

There is of course a volatile coalition looking to take advantage of the unsettled situation: monarchists seeking to resurrect the king, Hindutva forces nurtured by years of RSS activity along the border, and the right wing entrepreneur, Durga Prasai, once a Maoist, who has now reinvented himself as a Hindu revivalist. All of these are forces that may want to rewrite the constitution.

One can give some credit to Nepal’s youth leaders as, when tripartite talks were held yesterday to find a political solution, Gen Z representatives walked out the moment Prasai entered the room. The talks collapsed, with the Gen Z group registering their protest against someone they believed was an opportunist leader.

In Bangladesh, the Jamaat wants to tinker with the constitution in order to introduce proportional representation – a system they believe will help them win more seats. In Nepal, on the other hand, the fight is to protect the constitution. The 2015 constitution was a hard-won effort to bring about a progressive and inclusive polity. It abolished the monarchy, enshrined secularism and promised federalism and minority rights. The protests in Kathmandu were fuelled by corruption and misrule, but large sections of people still want to defend, not dismantle, the constitution.

On its part, Delhi has stumbled in both crises. In Dhaka, India backed Hasina too long, only to watch her influence crumble. In Kathmandu, it has lost several friends during the Modi era.

While India’s approach towards Bangladesh is visible through the obnoxious comments its leaders often make against the country and its citizens, the Sangh parivar has made no secret of its desire to restore the ‘Hindu’ monarchy in Nepal.

It is perhaps for this reason that Indian TV anchors, currently reporting from Nepal, are being mocked by ordinary Nepalis. Given the manner in which the pliant Indian media aligned with the BJP is being rebuked on the streets of Kathmandu, one may infer that the new dispensation in Nepal will not take kindly to any prescriptive approach from New Delhi.

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Reportedly

The Ram temple in Ayodhya, inaugurated with great fanfare before the 2024 Lok Sabha elections, remains unfinished. The construction deadline has now been extended from September 2025 to March 2026, with L&T and Tata’s tenure extended accordingly.

So, while the faithful were told Ram Lalla had finally found a home, the reality is a half-built structure paraded as complete for electoral optics. The consecration was less about faith, more about votes – a temple turned into a campaign stage, its deadlines kicked down the road.

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Drawn and quartered

(Credit: Sajith Kumar in Deccan Herald)

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Deep dive

The PM Internship Scheme's low stipend of Rs 5,000 per month, the lack of an assurance that an intern's time at a firm will count towards getting a job there or elsewhere, as well as a lack of clarity on what they will do at a firm before applying are some drawbacks with the scheme that interns or applicants who spoke to Johanna Deeksha highlighted. One of them said that the stipend's not covering living or food expenses has meant he pays Rs 8,000 out of pocket every month to participate in the scheme. Experts also pointed out that the scheme does not have a way in which the government can track interns' progress through their time at a firm.

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Prime number: 118-119

The controversial ’90-degree’ railway overbridge in Bhopal is not a right angle after all, an expert report submitted to the Madhya Pradesh High Court has claimed. According to a professor from the Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, the turn of the bridge actually measures 118–119 degrees. The finding came during the hearing of a plea filed by the private company that constructed the bridge, which challenged the state government’s decision to blacklist it after public outrage over the allegedly dangerous design. The state government has sought more time to reconsider its decision in light of the expert report.

What no one is discussing, of course, is that when it comes to vehicles driving even at moderate speed, navigating even a 118-119 degree turn will not be much easier than a 90 degree one!

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Opeds you don’t want to miss

• On the eve of Prime Minister’s shockingly delayed visit to strife-torn Manipur, Kham Khan Suan Hausing says that Modi must find a way to address the legitimate political aspirations of Kuki-Zomi-Hmar groups. The “government must now walk the talk on upholding a rules-based constitutional order where rioters who committed egregious violence, including rape, arson and murder, are immediately nabbed and their cases put on the fast track irrespective of their political connections and positions. The jury is out on whether the PM’s visit can salvage his dented image for having ignored Manipur for so long. This will be contingent on his political willingness to turn the wheels of justice and uphold a rules-based order.”

• With the Supreme Court set to hear the bail pleas of Umar Khalid and eight other Muslim activists imprisoned without trial for the past five years, Gautam Bhatia focuses on the miscarriage of justice that is evident:

  “While the nine activists have already spent half a decade in jail — coincidentally, the amount of time that Captain Alfred Dreyfus, of the infamous “Dreyfus Trial” was imprisoned — time that can never be returned, it is high time that this continuing injustice was put to an end. While human lives matter more than anything else, it is also important to remember that whether it is the Dreyfus Affair, Stalin’s Moscow Trials, or the present case, such proceedings also reveal a society’s commitment to the rule of law and to justice. It is up to the Supreme Court to demonstrate that we have not yet come completely untethered from these basic principles.”

• As another fire emerges in India’s neighbourhood, TCA Raghavan suggests it may be time for the government to “restart thinking regionally”.

• Anurag minus Verma writes about the manner in which power in Nepal “misread the internet”:

  “They assumed the young were too lazy, too lost in doomscrolling. What they failed to see is that even aimless scrolling can turn political. When enough discontent passes through a feed, it gathers weight, it finds a chorus, and it takes only one spark to set it ablaze. What looks like distraction can often be a rehearsal. The old men in charge still prepare for crowds on the street; they don’t realise the real uprising has now started to begin in the comment section.”

• Khurram Hussain writes about Nepal, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka in ‘Three years, three uprisings’, noting that these popular uprisings share a connection – they were all organic:

  “None of these … were built on organised crowds, mobilised by party leaders, transported on vehicles supplied by the party… This can only happen if there are some common elements binding all the people who joined the mob in the first place. This can include disaffection with the material conditions of life, perhaps following a protracted bout of inflation that burned away large amounts of purchasing power and left the people to fend for themselves... Or it can be large-scale loss of trust in the institutions of society, where even a fake news item can trigger mass solidarities of the sort it takes to make an uprising.”

• Its political class running for cover, Nepal offers countries around the world a cautionary tale, writes Faisal CK: “Even the most carefully crafted constitutions cannot withstand a deficit of civic virtue among political actors. The collapse of republican optimism into disillusionment reflects not the inherent failure of democracy, but the bankruptcy of its custodians.”

• For survivors of caste crimes, “a successful case under the SC/ST Atrocities Act is often not legal success, but a chance of improvement in life in their local contexts,” writes Abhineet Maurya.

• When covering the aftermath of deadly protests against the Waqf (Amendment) Act in Murshidabad, Moyurie Som found herself “battling with a tough question: where does one draw the line [between] being humane and empathetic, and maintaining the stoic objectivity that is required of a reporter on duty?” Som says she has “come to believe that there is no singular answer”; she also recalls a touching instance of communal harmony immediately after the riots.

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Listen up

For The Hindu’s In Focus podcast, Soundariya Preetha and Thivya Rakini unpack how Trump’s tariffs are reshaping India’s textiles and apparel sector, and what this means for the workers who power it.

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Watch out

The Asia Society hosts, Kunal Khattar, Lizzi C. Lee, and Nikhil Inamdar as they explore how India is positioning itself in the global transition towards electric vehicles (EVs). The panel examines the current state of EV demand and production in both India and China, highlighting lessons from policy incentives and considers how trade barriers and evolving US-CHina relations could shape the future of India’s EV sector. Watch here.

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Over and out

• India had a thriving soft-porn streaming industry until the government pulled the plug on them in July for “airing obscene and vulgar content”. Prathyush Parsuraman reports on how the multi-crore industry which employed hundreds of actors and technicians is coping with the aftermath.

• Jhumpa Lahiri’s 2008 collection of short stories, Unaccustomed Earth – “billed as an ‘epic, soapy drama’ about an immigrant community navigating love, desire, and belonging” – is set to become an 8-part Netflix series with Frieda Pinto and Tamil actor Siddharth, says Hollywood Reporter.

• As Sri Lankan farmers grapple with crop losses caused by monkeys, peacocks and squirrels, the government organised a rough and ready ‘rapid visual census’ that experts say might have produced an overcount: one monkey for every 3.5 humans! Assuming the actual numbers are far less, how can primates be deterred from messing with crops and fruit trees? Among the experiments being tried, writes Malaka Rodrigo — “disguising dogs as leopards, having people dress as large langurs and applying leopard feces to fruit trees.”

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